Development of a Smart Energy Community by Coupling Neighbouring Community Microgrids for Enhanced Power Sharing Using Customised Droop Control

This article aims to develop a smart isolated energy community (EC) by coupling the neighbouring rural community microgrids (CMGs) with enhanced droop control for efficient power sharing. This recommended solution employs a power management (PM) based droop-control to enable independent neighbouring CMGs to share power on an available basis by not constraining CMG inverters to equal power sharing. During the grid-connected mode, the droop control may have different power setpoints of each CMG. However, during the standalone mode of operation, the power setpoint should be defined according to their power rating and availability to maintain the system stability. In this article, a PM strategy is developed to maintain the power setpoints of the autonomous CMGs. An improper selection of power setpoints in autonomous CMG can raise the DC link voltage to an unmanageable value and can cause an inadvertent shutdown of CMG. The suggested PM-based droop control enables the CMG inverter not to restrict the inverter to equal power share but to distribute its active power as available in an asymmetric way, if required. The dynamic performance of the proposed coupled system incorporated with two remote isolated CMGs is investigated in a MATLAB environment. Further, a laboratory prototype of the proposed system has been developed using a LabVIEW-based sbRIO controller to verify the efficacy of the proposed approach

Double Deadbeat plus Repetitive Control Scheme for Microgrid System

Parallel connection of converters is a convenient choice when system capacity is to be increased. Parallel-connected voltage source converters, especially neutral point clamped converters, are one of the best choices for its range. However, with the parallel connectivity, the converter possesses a circulating current in its legs, which consequently threatens the safe operation of the system. To alleviate this circulating current problem, in this paper, a double deadbeat (DD) plus repetitive control (RC) scheme is proposed. The RC scheme is employed to mitigate the circulating currents and the DD loop control scheme is employed to achieve a high operating bandwidth for voltage and current characteristics. Furthermore, the DD loop is associated with an adaptive controlling technique, which adjusts internally by itself and provides better performance for nonlinear loads. The proposed DD method forces the equivalent system elements to be placed outside the closed loop, which does not affect the system stability. Initially, the system has been executed with a conventional proportional + integral scheme and then with the proposed DD + RC scheme. The proposed method is verified by implementing a Simulink model in the OPAL-RT platform. Furthermore, the proposed method is built with a prototype, and its results are explored

A Review of Optimized Heating Performance of Induction Cookers

This paper presents a review of different types of Induction cooker design which can be used for domestic heating and industrial heating applications. The designs focus on optimized power regulation strategy

Modular Multilevel Converters Part-I: A Review on Topologies, Modulation, Modeling and Control Schemes

<p>This article is devoted to the Multi-level inverters review and in particular to the form and function of modular multilevel inverters (MMI), with their different topologies, modulation, modeling and control schemes Detailed analysis with their functions of MMI has been made in comprehensive manner with existing literature available till date. All existing methods are compared in detail with proposal for the best methods available. The article has made strategic conclusions on MMI to make the system more robust in operation with less complexity in design and control.</p

Harmonic Mitigated Front End Three Level Diode Clamped High Frequency Link Inverter by Using MCI Technique

In this paper it proposes a high efficient soft-switching scheme based on zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and zero-current-switching(ZCS) principle operated with a simple auxiliary circuit extended range for the front-end isolated DC-AC-DC-AC high power converter with an three phase three level diode clamped multi level inverter by using Minority Charge Carrier inspired optimization technique (MCI) with Total Harmonic Distortion(THD),Switching losses, Selective harmonic elimination maintaining with its fundamental as an objective function. Input to the inverter is obtained by the photo voltaic cells and with battery bank. The switching scheme is optimized by MCI technique, analyzed and executed in Matlab and implemented with a digital signal processor (DSP) .Experimental results with different loads have observed and shows its effectives, robustness of the applied technique

A Survey and experimental verification of Modular Multilevel Converters

<p>This article is devoted to the Multi-level converters review and specifically the form and function of modular multilevel converter (MMC) with their modulation, design considerations, balancing issues, control schemes, and applications. This article intends to make a detailed analysis of MMC with their controller related issues in comprehensive manner. It is an approach for MMC design and modulation schemes in easy manner. Furthermore, a five level MMC have been designed with optimal controller and verified by its experimental results and explored. In addition to that, this approach draws strategic conclusions on MMC towards making the system more robust in operation, less complex in design and control.</p

Cyber Attacks in Cyber-Physical Microgrid Systems: A Comprehensive Review

The importance of and need for cyber security have increased in the last decade. The critical infrastructure of the country, modeled with cyber-physical systems (CPS), is becoming vulnerable because of a lack of efficient safety measures. Attackers are becoming more innovative, and attacks are becoming undetectable, thereby causing huge risks to these systems. In this scenario, intelligent and evolving detection methods should be introduced to replace basic and outworn methods. The ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze data and predict outcomes has created an opportunity for researchers to explore the power of AI in cyber security. This article discusses new-age intelligence and smart techniques such as pattern recognition models, deep neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and reinforcement learning for cyber security in CPS. The differences between the traditional security methods used in information technology and the security methods used in CPS are analyzed, and the need for a transition into intelligent methods is discussed in detail. A deep neural network-based controller that detects and mitigates cyber attacks is designed for microgrid systems. As a case study, a stealthy local covert attack that overcomes the existing microgrid protection is modeled. The ability of the DNN controller to detect and mitigate the SLCA is observed. The experiment is performed in a simulation and also in real-time to analyze the effectiveness of AI in cyber security